Defiant Brides (38 page)

Carlton, Guy, 30 celebrations and entertainments: for British departure from New York, 146; “dancing assemblies,” 74; dauphin’s birthday celebration, 141; municipal ball for Count Gerard, 44–45; Pluckemin Grand Alliance Ball, 56–58.
See also
Mischianza

Charleston, South Carolina, 87

Charlotte, Queen of England, 135, 174

Charming Nancy, The
(privateer), 42, 48, 51, 73

Chastellux, François-Jean de, 17, 108, 117, 129, 205

Chesapeake
(American frigate), 173

Chew, Benjamin, 13

Chew, Nancy, 65

Chew, Peggy (Peggy’s friend), 5, 10, 13, 65–66

Chew family, 167

Chipman, Elizabeth Hazen, 155

Chipman, Ward, 156, 158

ciphers, 64, 66–67

City Tavern (Philadelphia), 5, 44

Clement, William L., 211

Clinton, George, 141, 146

Clinton, Henry, 9, 14, 39, 82; admiration for André, 63; agreements to pay Arnold, 76, 81, 175–176; attempts to save André, 114–115; attempts to win over mutineers, 123; commendation of Arnold, 126; defense of André, 113; demands upon Arnold, 67; forbids André to wear disguise, 92; orders Arnold to Connecticut, 125–126; orders Arnold to Virginia, 122; on Peggy’s pension from George III, 135; promotes André, 70–71; rejects prisoner exchange, 114; wartime papers of, 211–212; wary of Arnold’s reliability, 80–81, 119–120

Clinton, Sarah, 141

Clinton, William, 58, 67

Cobb, David, 183, 195, 197

Cochran, John, 124

Cochran, Gertrude Schuyler, 124

Coffin, Paul, 183

Columbian Centinel
(Boston newspaper), 183, 198

Common Sense
(Paine), 11

Confiscation Act of 1778, 149

Congress
(American frigate), 173

Constellation
(American frigate), 173

Constitution, U.S., 159

Constitutional Convention, 159

Constitution
“Old Ironsides” (American frigate), 173

Continental army: alarm raised about Arnold’s defection, 103; attack on Germantown, 14; calls for strike, 143–144; camp followers of, 32–33; defeats in New York, 28; dispute over back pay, 142, 143–144; mutiny of 1781, 118–119, 122–123; on news of Arnold’s treason, 107; ordered to Peekskill, 124; in Philadelphia, 41; prisoners slaughtered by British, 126; retreat across Hudson River, 29; strengthening of, 37, 39; at Valley Forge, 7, 14, 33; winter encampment in Middlebrook, 55; wretched condition of, 87, 118

Continental Congress, 70; authorization to seize Ticonderoga, 22; on charges against Arnold, 52–53; closure of Philadelphia shops, 42, 43; declines to pay soldiers, 143; disapproval of Arnold, 49; lack of support for army, 29; reluctance to promote Arnold, 30

Copley, John Singleton, 150

Cornwallis
(British ship), 9

Cornwallis, Charles, 122, 138, 188; flight to England, 130–131; surrender of, 130; at Yorktown, 125, 127, 129

court-martial of André, 113–114

court-martial of Arnold: announced by Washington, 60; Arnold acquitted, 72–73; Arnold urges new date for, 67–68; postponements of, 61–62, 64–65, 67, 71–72; reconvened in January 1780, 72; requested by Arnold, 51–52; sentenced to reprimand, 73

Coxe, Daniel, 201, 204

Custis, Eleanor Calvert “Nelly,” 129

Custis, John Parke “Jacky,” 129

Cutts, Anna, 185

Daily Advertiser
(London newspaper), 133, 135

“dancing assemblies,” 74

Dartmouth College Medical School, 199–200

Daughters of the American Revolution, 208

Davis, Matthew, 108

“Dead March,” 116

Deane, Silas, 73

DeBlois, Elizabeth “Betsy,” 30, 31, 35, 46, 107

Derby School, 169, 170, 173

“disaffected” Philadelphians, 43–44

Dobbs Ferry, NY, 81

Dorchester Heights (Boston), 24

Drinker, Elizabeth, 7, 15, 70; on Continental army in Philadelphia, 41; on curfew in Philadelphia, 42; on disease in Philadelphia, 172; on Mischianza, 14

Duer, William, 161, 165, 170

Dunton, Ebenezer, 171

Dutch Reformed Church, 59

East India Company, 138

Eastport Sentinel
(Maine newspaper), 205–206

Eaton, Cyrus, 185

Edward
(British ship), 133

Ellet, Elizabeth, 168, 205–206

Ellison, John, 141

Essay on Public Happiness, An
(Chastellux), 117

Eustis, William, 96, 97

Evening Mail
(London newspaper), 175

Eyre, Edmund, 126

Familiar Letters on Public Characters and Public Events
(Sullivan), 205

Fitch, Ann, 133, 190, 200

Fitch, Samuel, 191

Fitch, Sarah, 133, 190

Fitch, William, 133

Flucker, Thomas (Lucy’s brother), 20, 145; death of, 151; on Waldo Patent, 149, 150, 166

Flucker, Hannah (Lucy’s sister).
See
Urquart, Hannah

Flucker, Hannah (
née
Waldo) (Lucy’s mother): abandoned in Halifax, 27–28; death of, 152; disapproval of Henry, 19; interest in Waldo Patent, 149, 150, 171; unconventional behavior of, 20

Flucker, Lucy.
See
Knox, Lucy (
née
Flucker)

Flucker, Sallie (Lucy’s half-sister), 20

Flucker, Sarah (
née
Lyons) (Lucy’s sister-in-law), 145, 166, 168

Flucker, Thomas (Lucy’s father): death of, 145; disapproval of Henry, 19; estate of, 145, 149; salary from British government, 27–28

Flucker family, 20; absence from Lucy’s wedding, 20; disapproval of Henry Knox, 19; flight from Boston, 24–25, 27; mansion looted, 25; urged to reconcile with Lucy, 145; Waldo Patent as inheritance of, 145, 149

food supplies: Philadelphia food riot, 69–70; shortages, 69, 73–74

Fort Arnold, 121

Fort Clinton, 121

Fort George, 146

Fort Griswold massacre, 126

Fort Ticonderoga, 22, 23–24

Fowler, Henry Thatcher (Knox great-grandson), 208

Fox, Charles James, 175

Franco-American alliance, 56–58, 87, 119, 125

Franklin, Benjamin, 4, 57

Franks, Becky (later Johnston), 5; on drabness of patriot women, 44; on dullness of New York ladies, 123; on licentiousness of British officers, 8; on Peggy’s popularity in London, 138; on social life under British, 6

Franks, David Salisbury, 31; attempts to calm Peggy, 96; duties as Arnold’s aide de camp, 41–42, 47; as Peggy’s escort and guard, 82, 83, 106, 108; suspicious of Arnold, 89, 90, 93; witness at Arnold’s court-martial, 71

Fraunces Tavern, 146

Freeman’s Farm, battle of, 34

Gage, Thomas, 20

Galloway, Grace, 65, 69

Gates, Horatio, 34, 42, 143

“gender hop,” 141

Gentleman’s Magazine
, 9, 10, 14, 191

George III, King, 135

Gerard, Conrad Alexandre, 44, 45

Germain, George, 14, 120, 137

Gerry, Elbridge, 23–24, 144

Godey’s Lady’s Book
, 206

Goldsmith, Oliver, 24

Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul de, 125

Great Britain: Arnold’s flight to, 130–131, 133; contempt for Arnold, 136–137; crumbling of Tory government, 137; Howe’s return to, 8–9; opposition to American war, 136, 137; Parliament, 136–137, 138; Thomas Flucker’s salary from, 27–28

“Great Chain” at West Point, 76

Greene, Caty (Lucy’s friend), 25, 26, 31, 57, 59

Greene, William, 73

Greene, Nathanael, 16, 17, 26, 31, 37, 40, 49, 57, 143; announcement of Arnold’s treason, 104; on army’s distress at Valley Forge, 33; on blizzards of 1779–1780, 73; on death of Knox daughter, 59; distrust of Reed, 42–43; on fortunes of war, 125; growing army of, 122; ordered to apologize for his soldiers, 74; ordered to West Point, 103; parley with Gen. Clinton, 115; presides at André’s trial, 113; request for aid to army, 118; on Sarah Winslow as “hussy,” 56

Grey, Charles “No Flint,” 177

Greyhound
(British schooner), 114–115

Griswold, Rufus, 159–160, 161

hair styles: under British occupation, 6–7; Lucy Knox’s odd styles, 108, 117, 160

Hamilton, Alexander, 57, 114, 172; on André’s humility, 115; Arnold’s betrayal and, 95, 97; on Peggy’s distress at Arnold’s treachery, 99–100; witness at Arnold’s court-martial, 71

Hamilton, Andrew, 165

Hammond, A. S., 4

Hancock, John, 150

Haverstraw Bay, New York, 89, 91–93

Hawke, Lord, 175

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 207

Hayt, Munson, 154, 155, 156, 158

Heath, Mary, 32

Heath, William, 32

Henry Knox Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 208

Hermitage, 83, 108, 109

Hero
(British ship), 150

Higginson, Stephen, 159

Holmes, John, 206

House of the Seven Gables
(Hawthorne), 207

Howe, Robert, 71, 88

Howe, William: army’s allegiance to, 8–9, 14; awed by Ticonderoga cannons, 24; departure for London, 4; evacuation of Boston, 24; fondness for luxury, 8; Mischianza given in honor of, 9–11, 14; occupation of Boston, 25; Philadelphia captured by, 3–4, 7, 12, 33; seizure of Verplanck’s Point, 58; victories of, 33

Huddy, Joshua, 140–141

Huntington, Samuel, 70, 73

Hussar
(British battleship), 9

inaugural ball, first, 161

Ingersoll family, 167

“interlining,” 64, 65

international laws of war, 114, 115

Irvine, William, 74

Jackson, Henry, 40, 42, 153, 168, 171, 173, 180, 185, 186

Jameson, John, 105

Jay, John, 43, 60, 112

Jefferson, Thomas, 144, 161, 166

Johnson, Samuel, 60

Johnston, Becky.
See
Franks, Becky

Johnston, Henry, 138

John Vassal House, 22

Junto Club, 4

Knox, Augusta Henrietta (daughter), 170, 183

Knox, Caroline (daughter), 152, 160

Knox, Caroline II (daughter): birth of, 165, 166; death of, 208; marriages of, 199, 206; moves into Montpelier, 207–208

Knox, Eliza Taylor Reed (daughter-in-law), 196

Knox, George Washington (son), 160, 162

Knox, George Washington II (son), 162, 165, 166, 183

Knox, Henry, 16, 40, 41, 95, 97; John André and, 13, 23, 112, 113; appearance, 17, 18, 39, 161; appointments and promotions, 140, 141, 150–151; on battle of Yorktown, 52; Benedict Arnold and, 50, 52, 71, 112; on British attacking New York, 26; building of Montpelier, 171, 179–180; business enterprises of, 181, 185; congenial personality, 17, 19, 117, 181, 185, 195; at crossing of Delaware River, 29; death of, 197, 198; devotion to Lucy, 124–125, 193; disapproval of cards and games, 168; on disease in Philadelphia, 172–173; dismissal of troops, 147; efforts to procure aid for army, 118–119; elected to Massachusetts General Court, 195; enormous appetite of, 28; establishes military school, 55–56; establishment of navy and, 173; fears for Lucy’s safety, 26, 32; financial reversals, 144–145, 149, 150, 151, 174, 185–186, 195; fortifications at Roxbury, 21; grand lifestyle of, 159; grief at children’s deaths, 142, 143, 167, 183, 194; home on the Bowery, 151–152; improving fortunes of, 196–197; infatuation with Lucy, 17, 19; lack of letters from Lucy, 32; mansion in Philadelphia, 165; march through New York City, 145–146; on Native Americans, 162, 166, 172; orders cannon to secure West Point, 103; plans to retire, 170, 173; posthumous honors, 205, 208; predictions for battle of Yorktown, 127–128; radical politics of, 19; re-burial in Thomaston, 208; as secretary of war, 161, 166, 169, 171–172, 173; seizure of Ticonderoga cannons, 22, 23–24; on Shays’s Rebellion, 153; Society of the Cincinnati and, 144, 179; warns Lucy about discretion, 29–30; wedding to Lucy, 20; worries about sick family, 58–59, 67.
See also
Waldo Patent

Knox, Henry Jackson “Hal” (son), 127; birth of, 74; checkered life of, 206–207; death of, 207; in debtor’s prison, 199; enrolls in medical school, 199–200; Henry’s regard for, 117; marriage of, 196; naval service, 186–187, 195; travels with his father, 193; unrestrained behavior of, 169–170, 173–174, 195–196

Knox, James Robertson (son), 125

Knox, Julia (daughter), 58–59, 74

Knox, Julia II (daughter), 150, 187, 194

Knox, Lucy (daughter), 25, 35; birth of, 24; at boarding school, 127, 142; children of, 196, 197; contracts infectious hepatitis, 58, 59; on her mother, 168, 205–206; marriage to Ebenezer Thatcher, 196; Montpelier and, 180, 207–208; on Sarah Flucker, 166; on uncertainty in parents’ lives, 128

Knox, Lucy (
née
Flucker), 16; appearance, 31, 39; childish outbursts by, 128, 129, 194; contracts infectious hepatitis, 58; courtship and wedding, 17, 20; delivers stillborn child, 187; departure from Connecticut, 29–30; dependence on Henry, 21, 125, 168–169, 193; entertains Rochefoucauld, 181–182; estrangement from family, 20; extended stay at Mount Vernon, 127–128; fears for Henry’s safety, 22–23, 172; flight to Watertown, 20–21; grief at deaths of children, 59, 142–143, 167, 183–184, 187; grief at Henry’s death, 197, 198; home in Newburgh, New York, 141; homes in Boston, 147, 149, 151; illness and death of, 200; inaccurate biographies of, 205–206; increasing girth of, 160–161; indulgence of son Hal, 169–170; insistence on elite lifestyle, 186; jolted by news of Arnold’s treason, 107–108; lavish entertainments by, 141, 160, 161, 167–168, 180, 184–185; leaves New York, 26–27; matchmaking for Caroline, 199; in Middlebrook, New Jersey, 55–56; obsession with cards and chess, 168, 184–185; odd hair styles of, 108, 117, 160; orders cemetery removed, 184; pregnancies, 21, 56, 60, 72, 74, 121, 124, 143, 167; quarrels with Henry, 25, 27, 28, 32, 151–152, 194–195; re-burial in Thomaston, 208; religious differences from Henry, 194; resented for self-importance, 161, 181, 182; reunions with Henry, 25–26, 55, 147; sale of parents’ home, 31; separations from Henry, 21, 22–23, 25, 124; as social leader, 74, 159–160; at Valley Forge, 35, 37; “variolation” against smallpox, 31–32

Knox, Marcus Bingham (son), 173, 183

Knox, Marcus Camillus (son), 130, 140

Knox, Marcus Camillus II (son), 145, 167

Knox, William (Henry’s brother), 19, 26, 28, 37, 50, 117; death of, 182; help to Henry in business, 144–145, 150, 151; Lucy’s dependence on, 25; relays news of Lucy’s family, 27