Did Muhammad Exist?: An Inquiry into Islam's Obscure Origins (45 page)

Umar II,
199

Umayyads,
41
,
47
,
58
,
60
,
62
,
198
,
210
; demonizing of,
211
–
12
; Hadith, fabrication of and,
211
; Hadith and,
73
–
74
,
76
,
86
; impiety of,
85
,
206
,
211
; Muhammad and,
215
; Qur'an and,
215

Umm Ayman,
198

unbelievers,
17
,
94
–
95
,
100
,
103
,
125
,
145
,
147
, 260

Usama bin Zayd bin Muhammad,
116
,
117
–
19

Uthman,
69
,
73
,
74
,
195
,
196
; Ar-Ridwan pledge of allegiance and,
75
; caliphate of,
xiv
,
xvii
; death of,
83
; factionalism and Hadith and,
73
–
76
; fleeing from battle of,
74
–
75
; Muhammad, family of and,
xvi
,
xvii
; Qur'an, burning of variants of by,
xiv
,
193
; Qur'an, collection of and,
xiv
,
126
,
134
,
135
,
185
,
187
–
88
,
189
,
193
,
201
,
206
; Qur'an, distribution of by,
xiv
,
185
; Qur'an, standardization of and,
xiv
,
192

Urwa ibn Az-Zubair ibn al-Awwam,
91
,
93

Uzza, al-,
182

Vie de Jésus (The Life of Jesus)
(Renan),
4

Virgin Birth,
5
,
167

virgins of Paradise,
168
–
70

Wahidi, al-,
65
–
66

Walid I,
60
,
76

Walid II,
76

Wansbrough, John,
9
,
12
,
13

Waqidi, al-,
92
,
94
,
99
,
119
–
21
,
130

Waraqa bin Naufal,
147

warfare,
211

War of Austrian Succession,
191

Wars of Apostasy (632–633),
xiii
,
28

Watt, W. Montgomery,
2
,
98
–
99
,
103
–
4
,
105

Weil, Gustav,
9

Wellhausen, Julius,
4
,
9
,
10

Whelan, Estelle,
50
,
54

Wittgenstein, Ludwig,
ix

Yazid I,
xiv
,
50

Zachariah,
115
,
156

Zayd bin Haritha,
109
,
116
,
198
; death of,
119
–
21
; as historical figure,
117
–
19

Zayd bin Muhammad (adopted son of Muhammad).
See
Zayd bin Haritha

Zayd ibn Thabit,
128
–
29
,
136
–
37
,
187
,
188
,
195
,
196

Zaynab bint Jahsh (wife of Muhammad),
109
–
19

Zoroastrians,
207

Zuhri, Muhammad ibn Shihab az-,
71
,
72