In Our Prime (45 page)

193
Yet, in 1936, at age 56:
Brock,
Charlatan,
207.

193
Oreton, a drug manufactured by the Schering:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection.

193
In 1939, the prestigious:
Arlene Weintraub,
Selling the Fountain of Youth: How the Anti-Aging Industry Made a Disease Out of Getting Old, and Made Billions
(New York: Basic Books, 2010), 136–37.

194
An issue of the science-fiction magazine:
Serlin,
Replaceable You,
113–37.

194
In 2002, the Commission of the European Communities:
EMAS website,
http://www.emas.man.ac.uk/main.asp
(accessed May 15, 2011).

194
In June 2010, the
New England Journal of Medicine:
Sora Song, “Examining Male Menopause: Myth or Malady?,”
Time,
June 16, 2010.

194
In 2011, scientists discovered that fatherly activities:
Pam Belluck, “In Study, Fatherhood Leads to Drop in Testosterone,”
New York Times,
September 12, 2011.

195
As one critic put it:
Weintraub,
Selling the Fountain of Youth,
139–40. Innovaro report, “Pipeline and Commercial Insight: Testosterone Replacement Therapy—Topical Formulations Drive Market Growth,” September 2010,
http://reports.innovaro.com/reports/pipeline-and-commercial-insight-testosterone-replacement-therapy-topical-formulations-drive-market-growth
(accessed June 3, 2011).

195
Promotors in Las Vegas:
Wilson, “Aging—Disease or Business Opportunity?”

195
The National Institute on Aging undertook:
National Institute on Aging news release, “NIH-Supported Trial to Study Testosterone Therapy in Older Men,”
http://www.nia.nih.gov/NewsAndEvents/PressReleases/PR20091102-Testosterone.htm
(accessed May 21, 2011).

195
Gynecologists and psychoanalysts frequently:
Shweder, ed.,
Welcome to Middle Age!,
52–53; Banner,
In Full Flower,
256.

196
A range of female hormonal therapies:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection,
35–46.

196
photographs of kicking showgirls:
Ibid., 56–57.

196
Charm,
a magazine for working women:
Serlin,
Replaceable You,
131.

197
In the 1950s, William Masters:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection,
23, 35–36, 67–69.

197
Psychotropic drugs were similarly marketed:
Sandra Coney,
The Menopause Industry: How the Medical Establishment Exploits Women
(New York: Hunter House, 1994), 68–69.

197
“It's not just about branding the drug”:
Katharine Greider,
The Big Fix: How the Pharmaceutical Industry Rips Off American Consumers
(New York: PublicAffairs, 2003), 118.

198
Simone de Beauvoir observed:
Beauvoir,
Second Sex,
575.

198
It is “probably the least glamorous”:
Margaret Morganroth Gullette,
Declining to Decline: Cultural Combat and the Politics of the Midlife
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1997).

198
The gynecologist Sherwin Kaufman:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection,
73–74.

199
Throughout the sixties and seventies:
Weintraub,
Selling the Fountain of Youth,
76–80, 83.

199
Only after his death did documents:
Ehrenreich and English,
For Her Own Good,
348–50; Gina Kolata, “Hormone Replacement Study a Shock to the Medical System,”
New York Times,
June 10, 2002.

199
The elitist bias that infused:
Serlin,
Replaceable You,
152.

199
His animosity is reminiscent of:
Susan Squier, “Incubabies and Rejuvenates,” in
Figuring Age: Women, Bodies, Generation,
Kathleen Woodward, ed. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999).

199
In 1975, doctors wrote:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection,
73–93; Brandes,
Forty,
117–23.

200
Then, in December of that year:
Harry K. Ziel and William D. Finkle, “Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinomas Among Users of Conjugated Estrogens,”
New England Journal of Medicine
293, no. 23 (1975): 1167–170; D. C. Smith et al., “Association of Exogenous Estrogen and
Endometrial Carcinoma,”
New England Journal of Medicine
293, no. 23 (1975): 1164–167.

200
A few weeks later, the Food:
“Letter on a Drug Assailed by FDA,”
New York Times,
January 9, 1976, 28.

200
By the end of the 1970s:
Rothman and Rothman,
Pursuit of Perfection,
73–93.

200
“More than 30 million women in the”:
Linda Roach Monroe, “Menopause: Baby Boomers' Next Step,”
Los Angeles Times,
December 5, 1989.

201
For most women, menopause was not:
Alice S. Rossi, “Menopausal Transitions in Midlife,”
MIDMAC Bulletin,
no. 1 (1993),
http://midmac.med.harvard.edu/bltnidx.html
(accessed May 21, 2011).

201
MIDUS researchers found that women most:
Alice S. Rossi, “The Menopausal Transition and Aging Processes,” in Brim et al.,
How Healthy Are We?,
191.

201
In April 2011, the Women's Health:
Tara Parker-Pope, “Estrogen Lowers Risk of Heart Attack and Breast Cancer in Some,”
New York Times,
April 5, 2011,
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/05/estrogen-lowers-risk-of-heart-attack-and-breast-cancer-in-some/?scp=7&sq=hormones%20tara?20april&st=cse
(accessed May 31, 2011).

202
Fifteen, twenty, or thirty years:
William Kennedy,
Billy Phelan's Greatest Game
(New York: Penguin, 1978).

202
In 1998, when the Food and Drug Administration:
Natasha Singer, “Sure It's Treatable, But Is It a Disorder?,”
New York Times,
December 13, 2009.

202
The effort to find a pharmacological answer:
Barry James, “Drug Firms Accused of Devising Female Malady,”
New York Times,
January 4, 2003.

203
Writing in the
British Medical Journal:
Naomi Kresge, “Desire Drug May Really Prove Sex Is All in Her Head,”
Bloomberg.com
, November 13, 2009.

203
More recent surveys have estimated:
Daniel Bergner, “Women Who Want to Want,”
New York Times,
November 29, 2009.

204
As a Harvard Medical School newsletter:
“What Is Female Sexual Dysfuntion,”
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/What_is_female_sexual_dysfunction.htm
(accessed May 21, 2011).

204
The level of female desire
: Carol Groneman,
Nymphomania: A History
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2000),
http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/g/groneman-nymphomania.html
(accessed June 2, 2011).

204
Female sexual dysfunction was:
Janice Irvine,
Disorders of Desire
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005), 160, 172. See also:
http://www.healthyplace.com/sex/female-sexual-dysfunction/classification-of-female -sexual-disorders/menu-id-66/
.

205
pressure to have “sex”:
Leonore Tiefer,
Sex Is Not a Natural Act and Other Essays
(New York: Westview Press, 2004), 245.

205
Some plastic surgeons:
Mireya Navarro, “The Most Private of Makeovers,”
New York Times,
November 28, 2004.

205
Lori Brotto, a psychologist who is overseeing:
Daniel Bergner, “Women Who Want to Want.”

205
In 2010, researchers who:
S. T. Lindau and N. Gavrilova, “Sex, Health, and Years of Sexually Active Life Gained Due to Good Health: Evidence from Two U.S. Population Based Cross Sectional Surveys of Ageing,”
British Medical Journal
340, c810 (2010).

205
Tiefer believes the push for a “female Viagra”:
Leonore Tiefer interview with author, 2010.

205
Pfizer initially undertook testing:
Duff Wilson, “Push to Market Pill Stirs Debate on Sexual Desire,”
New York Times,
June 16, 2010.

206
The German pharmaceutical company:
Catherine Elton, “Female Sexual Dysfunction: Myth or Malady?,”
Time,
November 18, 2009.

206
None existed, so the FDA:
Caroline Von Hove interview with author, 2009.

206
The American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons:
Nicholas Regush, “Toxic Breasts,”
Mother Jones,
January–February 1992, 26.

207
As the 2010 date:
Wilson, “Push to Market Pill Stirs Debate on Sexual Desire”; Duff Wilson, “Maker Plays Up Sexual Disorder, with a Pill in Waiting,”
New York Times,
June 16, 2010; Cory Silverberg blog:
http://sexuality.about.com/b/2009/11/17/meet-your-new-experimental-sex-drug-flibanserin.htm
;
http://www.drpetra.co.uk/blog/new-trials-of-female-sexual-dysfunction-drug-flibanserin-will-be-reported-this-week/
(accessed June 17, 2010).

207
Michael Sand, director of clinical:
Elton, “Female Sexual Dysfunction: Myth or Malady?”

207
A Kinsey Institute survey:
Harvard Medical Newsletter,
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/What_is_female_sexual_dysfunction.htm
(accessed May 21, 2011).

207
In June 2010, the FDA recommended:
Duff Wilson, “F.D.A. Panel Opposes Sexual Desire Drug for Women,”
New York Times,
June 18, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/19/business/19sexpill.html?scp=3&sq=flibanserin&st=cse
(accessed June 10, 2011).

208
In the 1920s, Williams Shaving Cream:
Ewen,
Captains of Consciousness,
155.

208
Refusal to partake in consumerist:
Lois Banner in
In Full Flower
and
American Beauty
and Nancy Etcoff in
Survival of the Prettiest
make similar points.

209
As George Carlin joked:
Micki McGee,
Self-Help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

209
Anorexia, bulimia, and other:
Randy Hutter Epstein, “When Eating Disorders Strike in Midlife,”
New York Times,
July 13, 2009.

209
“
In our culture, remaining cute”:
Janice Gaston, “Old Problem, New Victims: More Middle-Aged Women Suffering from Eating Disorders as They Strive for an Image,”
Wall Street Journal,
May 26, 2009; John Naish, “Broken Bones, Depression and Lung Disease: Why Being Skinny Is Bad for You,”
Daily Mail,
July 5, 2011.

209
Jean Kilbourne, the creator of the 1995:
Tanya Wenman Steel, “Boomers Hit a Bump: Wrinkles,”
New York Times,
August 25, 1996, 49.

211
Publications that had virtually ignored:
Kathy Peiss,
Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998), 123–24.

212
A
Vogue
cover promises advice
:
Vogue,
December 2008.

212
O, The Oprah Magazine
seemed to:
Debra Ollivier, “Age-Defying Oprah: Denial, Delusion or Dermabrasion?,” HuffPost Media, May 19, 2011,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/debra-ollivier/oprah-aging_b_852107.html
(accessed May 19, 2011).

213
The June 2010 issue of
Esquire
:
Esquire,
June 2010.

213
“Change Your Life Television” programming:
Douglas,
Enlightened Sexism,
148–50.

213
One trade paper:
Mary McNamara, “Dr. Raven's Prescription for Youth,”
Multichannel News,
September 4, 2006.

214
Attracting younger viewers became the:
Abbe Raven interview with author, 2009; “A&E Posts Best Year in Network History,” December 18, 2008,
http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Rec/rec.arts.tv/2008-12/msg02494.html
; Stuart Elliot, “The Older Audience Is Looking Better Than Ever,”
New York Times,
April 19, 2009.

214
The fledgling networks wanted to:
David Poltrack interview with author, April 24, 2008.