The Battle of Midway (Pivotal Moments in American History) (76 page)

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Dull, Paul S.
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Ewing, Steve, and John B. Lundstrom.
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Gannon, Robert.
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Glines, Carroll V.
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Haufler, Hervie.
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Heinl, R. D., Jr.
Marines at Midway
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Hoehling, A. A.
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Horn, Steve.
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Isom, Dallas Woodbury.
Midway Inquest: Why the Japanese Lost the Battle of Midway
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Kahn, David.
The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing
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———
The Reader of Gentlemen’s Mail: Herbert O. Yardley and the Birth of American Codebreaking
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Kernan, Alvin.
The Unknown Battle of Midway: The Destruction of the American Torpedo Squadrons
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Larrabee, Eric.
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Lewin, Ronald.
The American Magic: Codes, Cyphers and the Defeat of Japan
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Incredible Victory
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Love, Robert William, Jr.
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———.
History of the U.S
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Lundstrom, John B.
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———.
The First South Pacific Campaign: Pacific Fleet Strategy, December 1941–June 1942
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———.
The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway
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See esp. vol. 3:
The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931–April 1942
(1948); and vol. 4:
Coral Sea, Midway, and Submarine Actions, May 1942–August 1942
(1949).

Mrazek, Robert J.
A Dawn Like Thunder: The True Story of Torpedo Squadron Eight
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No Higher Honor: The U.S.S. Yorktown at the Battle of Midway
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Parshall, Jonathan B., and Anthony P. Tully.
Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
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Peattie, Mark R.
Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941
. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001.

Potter, E. B.
Bull Halsey
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———.
Nimitz
. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1976.

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Prados, John.
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Prange, Gordon W., Donald M. Goldstein, and Katherine V. Dillon.
Miracle at Midway
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Regan, Stephen D.
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Admiral Harold R. Stark: Architect of Victory, 1939–1945
.

Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1989.

Smith, Peter C.
Midway: Dauntless Victory; Fresh Perspectives on America’s Seminal Naval Victory of World War II
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Stafford, Edward P.
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. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2002. First published 1962 by Random House.

Stephan, John J.
Hawaii under the Rising Sun: Japan’s Plans for Conquest after Pearl Harbor
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Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History
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The Magnificent Mitscher
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Thomas, Lowell, and Edward Jablonski.
Doolittle: A Biography
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Tillman, Barrett.
The Dauntless Dive Bomber of World War II
. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1976.

———.
Wildcat: The F4F in WWII
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Willmott, H. P.
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———.
Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942
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Winton, John.
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Articles

Earnest, Albert K., and Harry Ferrier. “Avengers at Midway.”
Foundation
17, no. 2 (Spring 1996): 48–53.

Hudson, Alec [Wilfred J. Holmes]. “Rendezvous.”
Saturday Evening Post
, August 2, 1941, 9–11, 70–72, and August 9, 1941, 30–32, 71–75.

Knott, Dick. “Night Torpedo Attack.”
Naval Aviation News
, June 1982, 10–13.

Linder, Bruce R., “Lost Letter of Midway.”
U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
125, no. 8 (August 1999): 29–35.

Lundstrom, John B. “A Failure of Radio Intelligence: An Episode in the Battle of the Coral Sea.”
Cryptologia
7, no. 2 (1983): 97–118.

Parshall, Jonathan. “Reflecting on Fuchida, or ‘A Tale of Three Whoppers.’”
Naval War College Review
63, no. 2 (Spring 2010):127–38.

Pineau, Roger. “The Death of Admiral Yamamoto.”
Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly
10, no. 4 (October 1994): 1–5.

Schorreck, Henry F. “The Role of COMINT in the Battle of Midway.”
Cryptologic Spectrum
5, no. 3 (Summer 1975), 3–11.

Schultz, Robert, and James Shell. “Strange Fortune.”
World War II
, May/June 2010, 58–65.

Vote, Robert. “The Death of Admiral Yamamoto.”
Retired Officer
, November 1979, 27–30.

Wildenberg, Thomas. “Midway: Sheer Luck or Better Doctrine?”
Naval War College Review
58 (Winter 2005): 121–35.

Worthington, Joseph M. “A Destroyer at Midway.”
Shipmate
, January 1965, 4–8.

INDEX

ABC-1 (allied plan), 21, 118

ABDA (American, British, Dutch, Australian command), 84–85, 118

Addu Atoll, 93–95 (map, 94) Abe Hiroki, 311

Abe Toshio, 338

Adams, Don, 352

Adams, Samuel, 330, 330n

killed, 346–47

photo, 331

Ady, Howard P., 225, 228, 250

Aichi airplanes.
See
Jake; Val

aircraft, American, 38, 38n, 52–60.
See also specific aircraft types;
Appendix B

aircraft, Japanese, 37–40, 38n

available for Midway attack 219–20.
See also specific aircraft types;
Appendix B

aircraft carriers.
See
Appendix A
;

specific ship names

Akagi
(Japanese carrier), 26, 33–34, 44–45, 178, 211

at Midway, 218

under attack, 236, 302–5

death throes, 309, 338

Akebono Maru
(Japanese transport), 216

Alaska, 97, 183, 198–205

map, 200

Aldrich, Clarence, 325

Aleutian Islands.
See
Alaska

Amagi
(Japanese battlecruiser), 33n

Amari Yoji, 238, 243, 269, 275, 321

ANZAC (Australia, New Zealand Area Command), 83, 83n

Aoki Taijorō, 310

Arashi
(Japanese destroyer), 291–95, 297, 320

Arizona
(U.S. battleship), 7, 328

Army Air Forces (AAF), 118, 161, 185.
See also airplane types
(Flying Fortress, Marauder, Mitchell)

Army-Navy relations (American), 118, 124, 202–3, 211

Army-Navy relations (Japanese), 27–29

Army War College (American), 47

Arnold, Henry (Hap), 119, 120, 121–22

Arnold, Murr E., 281–82, 285

Asashio
(Japanese destroyer), 352

Ashford, William H., 191

Astoria
(American cruiser), 317, 326, 348

Attu Island, 198, 205, 357 (map, 200)

Augusta
(American cruiser), 7, 14

Ault, William, 162

Australia, 65, 81, 82–83, 97

AVCAD Program.
See
Aviation Cadets

Avenger (American torpedo plane), 193n, 232–36, 268, 290

Aviation Cadets, 60–61

B-17.
See
Flying Fortress

B-25.
See
Mitchell bomber

B-26.
See
Marauder bomber

Baker, John D., 166

Balch
(American destroyer), 323, 326, 348

photo, 326

Ballard
(American seaplane tender), 209, 345n, 358

Bassett, Edgar, 285

Bataan, 88

Battle of the Atlantic, 20

battleships, 6–7, 22, 22n, 148.
See also individual ship names

Belconnen, 135n, 147, 186–87.

See also
Cast

Bellinger, Patrick N.L., 215–16

Benedict, Arthur, 213

Benham
(American destroyer), 323, 348

Bennett, V. M., 313

Best, Richard Halsey, 274, 328

in Marshalls raid, 73

in Doolittle raid, 125

and Miles Browning, 229

attacks
Akagi
, 295–301, 302–5

attacks
Hiryū
, 332–35

career after Midway, 364

photo, 303

Betty (Japanese bomber), 33, 373

described, 79

in air battle near Rabaul, 77–79

Biard, Forrest (Tex), 165

Bicheno, Hugh, 106

Black Chamber (code breaking), 134–35

black shoes (surface warfare officers), 13, 46

Blain, Richard, 241–42

Boeing airplanes.
See
Flying Fortress

Boggs
(American destroyer-minesweeper), 144

bombing squadrons.
See individual squadron designations
(VB-2, VB-3, etc.)

Boone, Walter, 328

Bottomly, Harold, 306–7, 309

Brassfield, Arthur, 287, 314–15

Brazier, Robert B., 286–87

Brewster airplanes.
See
Buffalo

Brockman, William H. Jr., 289–95

attacks
Kaga
, 326–28

photo, 290

brown shoes (naval aviators) 13, 46, 82.

See also
pilots, American

Brown, Wilson: mentioned, 15, 65–66, 83–84, 146

characterized, 48–49

and first Rabaul raid, 77–81

and attackon Lae-Salamaua, 85–86

photo, 77

Browning, Miles, 69, 122

at Midway, 229–31, 254, 258, 274, 279n, 282, 328

overruled by Spruance, 344–45

career after Midway, 363–64

photo, 230

Buckmaster, Elliott, 51, 67, 156, 196

at Midway, 282, 313–14

orders abandon ship, 325–26

attempts to salvage
Yorktown
, 348–49

Buffalo (American fighter), 57, 226–28

Burch, William, 163, 164, 167, 168

bureaus and the bureau system, 11, 14–15, 23

Bureau of Aeronautics, 46

Bureau of Navigation, 50

Bureau of Ordnance, 56

Burford, William, 349–50

Butler, William O., 199, 202–3, 204–5

Cade, Peter M., 111

California
(American battleship), 48

Canfield, Clayton, 227–28

CAP.
See
Combat Air Patrol

Carey, John F., 226–28

Carter, William D., 350–51

Cast (Station), 135, 140, 147

Catalina (American seaplane, PBY), 202, 204, 210, 211–12, 216–17, 224, 265, 280, 342

Ceylon, 92

Japanese raid against, 93–96 (map, 94)

Chase, William A., 225, 250

Cheek, Thomas, 285, 313

Chikuma
(Japanese cruiser), 224, 269, 312, 320, 348

China: Japan’s war against, 28–29, 37, 92

and the Doolittle raid, 117, 130–31

Chitose
(Japanese carrier), 34n

Chiyoda
(Japanese carrier), 34n

Churchill, Winston S., 82–83, 86

Cimmeron
class oilers, 84

Clark, Joseph “Jocko,” 51

codes and code breaking, 133–46, 147–48

and the Coral Sea, 145–46, 148, 150, 154, 159, 165

and Midway, 182–83, 186–89.

See also
Appendix E

Collins, James Jr., 236

Colombo, Ceylon, 93–95, 109 (map, 94)

Cook, Ralph, 387

Coolidge, Calvin, 48, 114

Combat Air Patrol (CAP), 52, 78, 159, 165, 169

Combat Intelligence Unit (CIU).
See
Hypo

Coral Sea, Battle of, 152–75

Japanese reaction to, 179–80

map, 157

Corl, Harry, 286

Cornwall
(British cruiser), 93, 95, 109

Coronado (American flying boats, PB2Y-2), 6

Corregidor, 88

Cossett, Douglas M., 280

Crace, John G., 158–59, 158n, 165

Crawford, John, 196, 265, 324

Curtin, John, 65, 82–83

CXAM radar.
See
radar

Daniels, James, 75

Darwin, Australia, Japanese attack on, 43, 92

Dauntless (American dive bomber, SBD): described, 52–54, 78, 251

in Marshalls raid, 66–67, 70–72

in Lae-Salamaua raid, 85–86

in Coral Sea, 159–60, 162–64, 168–69

at Midway, 298–99, 301–5

losses at Midway, 328–29.
See also specific bombing squadrons
(VB-3, VB-6, etc.)

Davis, Ernest J., 350

depth charges, 291–95, 327–28

Devastator (American torpedo bomber, TBD): described, 54–57, 123

in Marshalls raid, 66–67, 70–72

in Lae-Salamaua raid, 85–86

in the Coral Sea, 160, 162–63, 164, 168–69

at Midway, 267–87

losses at Midway, 287–88

photo, 56.
See also specific torpedo squadrons
(VT-5, VT-6, etc.)

Dibb, Robert A. M., 62, 285

dive bombing, 52–53, 298–99, 301–5.

See also
Dauntless

Val

Dixon, Robert, 163, 167–68, 173

Dobbs, Horace, 270

Dobson, Cleo, 355–56

Doolittle, James, 119–23

photo, 126

Doolittle raid, 146

training for, 121–24

conduct of, 127–30

casualties, 131

impact of, 131

photos, 126, 128

Dorsetshire
(British cruiser), 93, 95, 109

Douglas airplanes.
See
Dauntless

Devastator

Driscoll, Agnes, 135n

Dufilho, Marion, 79

Duncan, Donald, 116–17, 122–23

Dutch East Indies, 29

Dutch Harbor (Alaska), 198, 203–4

Dyer, Thomas H., 182

Earnest, Albert, 234–36

photo, 235

Eastern Solomons, Battle of, 366

Eaton, Charles R., 212

echo ranging.
See
sonar

Ebadon Island.
See
Kwajalein Atoll

Ellison, Thomas, 67

Ely, Arthur, 275, 278–80

Emerson, Alberto, 316

Emily flying boat (Japanese), 69, 206

Emmons, Delos C., 186

Enterprise
(American carrier, CV-6), 15, 18, 45, 47–48, 52

in the Marshall Islands, 65, 69–75

in Doolittle raid, 125, 132

at Midway, 274–75, 280, 287, 329, 332–35, 353–54

losses at Midway, 328–29.

See also
Task Force 16;

individual squadrons
(VB-6 etc.)

Esders, Wilhelm (Bill), 286–87, 315

Essex
(American carrier, CV-9), 360

Eta Jima (Japanese Naval Academy), 26, 41, 90

Fairey Swordfish (British torpedo bombers), 93

Faulkner, Frederic, 173

Ferrier, Harry, 234–36

photo, 235

Fieberling, Langdon, 234, 290

fighting squadrons.
See individual squadron designations
(VF-2, VF-3, etc.)

Fiji Islands, 65, 76, 83, 96, 106, 108, 183, 185

Finnegan, Joseph, 188

Fisher, Clayton, 262, 346n, 390

Fisler, Frank, 265

Fitch, Aubrey “Jake,” 146, 149

in the Coral Sea, 152–53, 156, 172

Fitzgerald, John, 117n

five-number code.
See
JN-25b

Fleming, Richard, 342

Fletcher, Frank Jack: characterized, 49–51

relief expedition to Wake, 15–16

and Marshalls raid, 66–69, 75

Lae-Salamaua raid, 85–86

and the Coral Sea, 149–50, 152–75

relations with King, 149–50, 194–95, 361

relations with Nimitz, 193–95, 214

at Midway, 190, 214, 259, 358

air search at Midway, 225

attack plan at Midway, 228–29, 281–83

transfers to
Astoria
, 317

releases Spruance to operate independently, 335

career after Midway, 361–62

photo, 50

flight to nowhere.
See
chapter 12
; Appendix F (map, 257)

Flying Fortress (American bomber, B-17), 185, 211–12, 215, 224

attackon Kidō Butai, 241, 335

attackon Kondō’s cruisers, 342

Formidable
(British carrier), 93

Franklin D. Roosevelt
(American carrier, CV-42), 365

French Frigate Shoals, 207–10

FRUMEL, 135n.

See also
Belconnen

Cast

FRUPAC, 135n.

See also
Hypo

Fuchida Mitsuo, 220, 238

fuel consumption: by airplanes, 127–28, 129, 255–56, 262, 275, 278–79, 315

by ships, 45–46, 84, 125, 154

Fujita Isamu, 339

Fukudome Shigeru, 106–8, 205

Gaido, Bruno P., 74–75, 313n

Gallaher, Earl, 274, 328

attacks
Kaga
, 295–301, 302

attacks
Hiryū
, 332–35

Gay, George, 259–60, 268, 270–72

photo, 267

Gee, Roy, 115–16

at Midway, 351

Gehres, Leslie E., 199

Genda Minoru, 32, 34–35, 36, 153, 179, 239–40, 360

Gotō Arimato, 162, 173

Gotō Eiji, 77

Gray, James S., 59

in Marshall Islands raid, 71

covers attack on Kidō Butai, 275–76, 278–79, 279n

attacks Japanese cruisers, 353

Gray, Richard (Dick), 264

Grayling
(US submarine, SS-209), 22

Great White Fleet, 46

Greene, Eugene, 297

Gruening, Ernest, 201

Grumman airplanes.
See
Avenger Wildcat

Guadalcanal campaign, 359–60

Guillory, Troy, 248, 390

Haas, Walter, 163

Hagikaze
(Japanese destroyer), 327

Halsey, William F., 150–51, 183–84

characterized, 48

early naval career, 46–48

and Pearl Harbor, 18–19

in Marshalls raid, 69–75

and the Doolittle raid, 122–29

and Midway, 188–91

career after Midway, 362–63

mentioned, 15, 18, 99

photo, 47

Hammondsport
(American transport), 232

Hamilton, Weldon, 163

Hara Chūichi, 153, 155, 159, 165, 167–68, 173, 228

Hamada Giichi, 324

Hammann
(American destroyer), 287

attempted salvage of
Yorktown
, 348–49

torpedoed and sunk, 349–50

Harmon, Millard (Miff), 121–22

Haruna
(Japanese battleship), 222, 339

Hashimoto Toshio, 323, 324–5

Hashirajima Harbor, 145, 153, 176

Hashizume Hisao, 207, 209

Hawker Hurricane fighters.
See
Hurricane

Henderson, Lofton (Joe), 240–41, 291, 359

Hermes
(British carrier), 95–96, 109

Hilton, James, 132

Hirohito (Japanese Emperor), 109–10

Hiroshima, 109.

See also
Hashirajima Harbor

Hiryū
(Japanese carrier), 16, 45, 240

described, 34

dive bomber attack on
Yorktown
, 312–17