Read The Plutonium Files Online
Authors: Eileen Welsome
The Plutonium Files (92 page)
15
“She has eyelashes”: Ibid., pp. 109–111.
16
“I was successful”: Stannard,
Radioactivity and Health,
pp. 761–762.
17
“I noticed that while my dad”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, Nov. 21, 1994, p. 191.
18
must have taken Personal Ethics 101”: Ibid., p. 52.
19
“The people who did this”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, Jan. 30, 1995, p. 56.
20
“The path to hell”: Ibid., p. 72.
21
“We never been told”: Ibid., pp. 181–183.
22
“We were there three days”: Ibid., p. 75.
23
“Now all of a sudden”: Ibid., p. 19.
24
“My five-year-old”: Ibid., p. 27.
25
“I guess it’s a fine line”: Ibid.
26
“I want you to tell”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, March 2, 1995, pp. 136–138.
27
“We were violated”: Ibid., pp. 138–146.
28
“It is with some sadness”: Ibid., pp. 162–170.
HAPTER
44
1
order from President Clinton: White House, “Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments,” Executive Order, Jan. 18, 1994.
2
“We don’t want to pass”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, Nov. 14, 1994, p. 42.
3
“I felt then”: Int. Patricia King, April 4, 1997.
4
“What I would like”: Int. Henry Royal, April 7, 1997.
5
“then we can’t talk”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, Nov. 14, 1994, meeting, pp. 43–44.
6
“If experiments violated”: ACHRE,
Final Report,
p. 211.
7
“The mind-set of the Republicans”: Int. Eli Glatstein, April 1, 1997.
8
“In other words, we”: Shipman to Executive Committee, Dec. 19, 1951, LANL.
9
“No signed consent”: Stone to Alan Gregg, letter, Nov. 4, 1948, Call No. 80/80c, Robert Stone Carton, Letters I—Z Folder, Bancroft Library, Berkeley, CA, p. 3.
10
“Dr. Stone stated”: Transcript, Cancer Board Meeting, April 23, 1952, received from UCSF Public Information Office.
11
code was even read: Transcript, Committee on Chemical Warfare, Nov. 10, 1952, pp. 121–124, ACHRE.
12
“The Nuremberg Code”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, April 10–12, 1995, Vol. 2, p. 312.
13
“Most references to consent”: ACHRE,
Final Report,
p. 850.
14
“too marginal”: Transcript, ACHRE meeting, Dec. 15, 1994, p. 77.
15
“went out the window”: Int. Eli Glatstein, April 1, 1997.
16
“This report is the worst thing”: Int. David Egilman, March 26, 1997.
17
“It should be emphasized”: ACHRE,
Final Report,
p. 220.
18
“Beyond the question”: Editorial, “Ethical Trimming on Radiation,”
Boston Globe,
Oct. 4, 1995, p. 18.
19
all participants in any research: Egilman et al., “Ethical Aerobics,” p. 40.
20
National Institutes of Health: Ibid., p. 48.
21
“I’ve got pretty good”: Dennis Domrzalski, “Man Reads About Woman’s Nasal Radium Treatments, Finds He Has Tumors,”
AT,
July 30, 1994, p. 1.
22
“not salable in today’s”: Egilman et al., “Ethical Aerobics,” p. 35.
23
“To characterize a great profession”: ACHRE,
Final Report,
p. 220.
24
“Important national security goals”: Ibid., p. 829.
25
“best balance allocation”: Ibid., p. 812.
26
“I guess the government”: A. S. Zaidi, “Rochester, Radiation, and Repression,”
Z Magazine,
April 1997, p. 11.
27
“A book has been opened”: AP, “Downwinders Criticize Radiation Tests Report,”
Oregonian,
Oct. 9, 1995, p. B-4.
28
“For them to turn”:
Boston Globe,
Sept. 29, 1995, p. 33.
29
“I do feel betrayed”: Transcript, Stakeholder Workshop, Feb. 26–27, 1996, pp. 217–218.
HAPTER
45
1
“This report I received”: Interagency Working Group,
Building Public Trust,
Appendix A.
HAPTER
46
1
“She was not seen”: Int. Al Narath, March 5, 1997.
2
“And I was most startled”: Int. John Nuckolls, Feb. 24, 1997.
3
“It is somehow fitting”: Center for Security Policy, “U.S. ‘De-Nuclearization’: Who Is Minding the Store?” Decision Brief (No. 93-D 103), Dec. 9, 1993.
4
“audacity of this sort”: David Kramer, “O’Leary Faults Lab Board Report; Asks, ‘What’s Wrong with Them?’ ”
Inside Energy,
Jan. 27, 1997, p. 3.
5
personal attack by Republicans: Int. Hazel O’Leary, Jan. 9, 1997.
6
“too uppity”: Ibid.
7
“What I’ve learned”: Ibid.
8
Among the items: DOE fact sheets, “Openness: The Way to Do Business,” Jan. 15, 1997, p. 45.
9
“My commitment is”: Corydon Ireland, “U.S. Apology Hits Home,”
RDC,
Dec. 17, 1996, p. 1.
10
“I’m afraid it’s”: Ireland, “Survivor Afraid It Will Happen Again,”
RDC,
Dec. 17, 1996, p. 11.
HAPTER
47
1
$400,000 each: J. Patrick Glynn to Eva Plaza, “Response to Questions Posed by Eileen Welsome,” memorandum, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Civil Division, July 2, 1997.
2
“the highest duty of care”: Plaintiff’s Complaint and Demand for a Jury
Trial,
Gordon Shattuck et al. v. Massachusetts Institute of Technology et al.,
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts (95–12605GAO), Dec. 1995, p. 2.
3
$1.85 million: Int. Jeff Petrucelly, March 6, 1999.
4
$5.4 million: AP, “Settlement Ok’d in Radiation Case,” AJ, May 5, 1999, p. 12.
5
“non-negotiable”: Int. R. Joseph Parker, July 10, 1997.
6
lawyer Melvin Belli: James H. Jarvis, Order,
Dorothy McWright et al. v. Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies et al.,
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Tennessee at Knoxville (No. 3:95-cv-14), May 31, 1996.
7
$10.3 million: Int. Don Arbitblit, May 28, 1998.
8
lawsuit initiated by Harold Bibeau: Michael Hogan, Order,
Harold Bibeau et al. v. Pacific Northwest Research Foundation et al.,
United States District Court, District of Oregon (CV No. 95–06410-HO), July 28, 1997, p. 24.
9
“If information was”: O’Leary dep., p. 42.
10
“This was an atrocity”: Ireland, “Bid to Cut Names from Suit Denied,”
RDC,
April 4, 1996, p. B-1.
11
“The allegations in this case”: Sandra S. Beckwith, Opinion and Order, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division (Case No. C-1–94–126), Jan. 11, 1995, p. 58.
12
experiment as an “intervention”: UCSF,
World War II Radiation Experiments,
pp. 28, 17.
13
“The committee found”: Ibid., p. 33.
14
“whitewash”: Author notes, ACHRE meeting, May 8–10, 1995.
15
“Morality has to be”: Int. Joshua Shaw, March 26, 1997.
16
“They said UCSF doctors”: Ibid.
17
“covert extracurricular activity”: Zaidi, Rochester, “Radiation, and Repression,” pp. 11–12.
18
“a suggestion full of sound”: Ireland, “Further Radiation Inquiry Sought,”
RDC,
Dec. 22, 1996, p. 1.
19
“There is an insularity”: Rex Graham, “LANL Fails to Find N-Test Wrongdoing,”
AJ,
Oct. 7, 1994, p. 1.
20
“The abject terror”: Ibid.
21
“When you’re approaching”: Int. Patricia Durbin, Jan. 5, 1997.
22
“Frankly, we’re not”: Ireland, “Scientist: Exhume Radiation Subjects,”
RDC,
April 5, 1994, p. 1.
PILOGUE
1
“lady doth protest”: Tyler, “Operation Ranger: Administrative Summary Report,” July 1952, ACHRE, p. 43.
2
“How ironic”: Int. William Jay Brady, May 28, 1998.
3
“In the end, I think”: Cong. hearing,
Atomic Energy,
1945, p. 60.
4
“It was felt unwise”: William S. Middleton, “Recommendation for Administrator’s Exceptional Service Award,” May 13, 1959, ACHRE.
5
“During the period”: Tyler, “Operation Ranger: Administrative Summary Report,” p. 41.
6
“It’s a huge fraternity”: DOE,
Operation Tumbler-Snapper,
videotape.
7
“The functionaries who”: Udall,
Myths of August,
p. 179.
8
“sufficiently condemn”: Int. Jay Katz, March 24, 1997.
9
“The breathtaking advances”: Interagency Working Group,
Building Public Trust,
p. A-5.
10
10,000 to 75,000: NCI press release, “Questions and Answers on the NCI Fallout Report,” Aug. 1, 1997.
11
“There were few”: Matthew L. Wald, “Thousands Have Thyroid Cancer from Atomic Tests,”
NYT,
Aug. 2, 1997, p. 6.
*
The Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, created from remnants of the Manhattan Project, has undergone numerous name changes since it was founded in 1947. Its successor agencies include the Defense Atomic Support Agency (1959–1971), the Defense Nuclear Agency (1971–1996), and the Defense Special Weapons Agency (1996–1998). It was folded into a new DOD agency called the Defense Threat Reduction Agency on October 1, 1998.
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